Analytic picking route
In my previous post I showed how to use analytic rolling sums to do FIFO picking of items. But the final picking list of the solution had a weakness - the forklift driver picking the items would have to drive back and start from the beginning of each aisle in the warehouse.
In this post I show how to use analytic ranking to create a better more optimized picking route for our forklift driver to keep him happy :-)
First we setup a couple of tables with some data (this is the same tables and data as the other post):
We are now ready to start...
We will pick items for sales order number 1.
First let us recap the FIFO picking list from the Analytic fifo picking post:
We see that in aisle B of warehouse 1 the driver would be better of by going in the other direction.
For the sake of making this routing demo more clear, let us use another version of the SQL from the other post - the version that does not do FIFO picking, but cleans out small quantities of items first. This gives us more locations so we better can see what happens:
To drive optimally our driver should go up aisle 1-A, down aisle 1-B, up aisle 1-C and down aisle 2D. In other words, our select should "switch direction" on every other aisle.
First let us split the location into warehouse / aisle / position:
Forklift driver will visit 4 aisles here. Now we will number the aisles consecutively for that purpose:
Analytic function dense_rank() ranks the data in the order we specify in the ORDER BY of the OVER clause, and those records with samme values receive the same rank. So column AISLE_NO tells us, that 1-B is the second aisle we visit, while 1-C is the third aisle, etc.
And so we can do a better picking list for our forklift driver:
That's it - we have ordered our picking list first by warehouse, then by aisle, and lastly we order odd aisles ascending and even aisles descending.
Now this assumes we have a door between warehouses both in the "lower" end and the "upper" end of the warehouses, so he can drive from warehouse 1 to warehouse 2 in the "upper" end in order to drive descending through aisle 2-D. If we only have doors between the warehouses in the "lower" end, we need to "re-start" numbering our aisles in each warehouse, so the first aisle for each warehouse always is odd numbered:
By using partition by in the dense_rank function we "re-start" our aisle numbering for each warehouse. Aisle 2-D thus is number 1 within warehouse 2, therefore it is ordered by ascending position because it is odd number.
The splitting of location in this simple case is easy - warehouse is always 1 digit, aisle 1 letter and position 2 digits. In real life you must use your own rules to split locations. Another way in this example could be:
The regexp_substr expressions can handle locations where warehouse is one or more digits, aisle is one or more letters and position one or more digits. Use your imagination for other flexible splitting :-)
The complete script of all of the above can be found here, and a sample spool output of running the script is here. Oracle documentation tells you all syntax on analytic functions and specifically DENSE_RANK.
In this post I show how to use analytic ranking to create a better more optimized picking route for our forklift driver to keep him happy :-)
First we setup a couple of tables with some data (this is the same tables and data as the other post):
SQL> create table inventory (
2 item varchar2(10), -- identification of the item
3 loc varchar2(10), -- identification of the location
4 qty number, -- quantity present at that location
5 purch date -- date that quantity was purchased
6 )
7 /
Table created.
SQL> begin
2 insert into inventory values('A1', '1-A-20', 18, DATE '2004-11-01');
3 insert into inventory values('A1', '1-A-31', 12, DATE '2004-11-05');
4 insert into inventory values('A1', '1-C-05', 18, DATE '2004-11-03');
5 insert into inventory values('A1', '2-A-02', 24, DATE '2004-11-02');
6 insert into inventory values('A1', '2-D-07', 9, DATE '2004-11-04');
7 insert into inventory values('B1', '1-A-02', 18, DATE '2004-11-06');
8 insert into inventory values('B1', '1-B-11', 4, DATE '2004-11-05');
9 insert into inventory values('B1', '1-C-04', 12, DATE '2004-11-03');
10 insert into inventory values('B1', '1-B-15', 2, DATE '2004-11-02');
11 insert into inventory values('B1', '2-D-23', 1, DATE '2004-11-04');
12 commit;
13 end;
14 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> create table orderline (
2 ordno number, /* id-number of the order */
3 item varchar2(10), /* identification of the item */
4 qty number /* quantity ordered */
5 )
6 /
Table created.
SQL> begin
2 insert into orderline values (1,'A1',24);
3 insert into orderline values (1,'B1',18);
4 commit;
5 end;
6 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
We are now ready to start...
We will pick items for sales order number 1.
SQL> variable pick_order number;
SQL>
SQL> begin
2 :pick_order := 1;
3 end;
4 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
First let us recap the FIFO picking list from the Analytic fifo picking post:
SQL> select
2 s.loc,
3 s.item,
4 least(s.loc_qty, s.ord_qty - s.sum_prv_qty) pick_qty
5 from (
6 select
7 o.item,
8 o.qty ord_qty,
9 i.loc,
10 i.purch,
11 i.qty loc_qty,
12 nvl(sum(i.qty) over (
13 partition by i.item
14 order by i.purch, i.loc
15 rows between unbounded preceding and 1 preceding
16 ),0) sum_prv_qty
17 from orderline o
18 join inventory i
19 on i.item = o.item
20 where o.ordno = :pick_order
21 ) s
22 where s.sum_prv_qty < s.ord_qty
23 order by
24 s.loc;
LOC ITEM PICK_QTY
---------- ---------- ----------
1-A-20 A1 18
1-B-11 B1 3
1-B-15 B1 2
1-C-04 B1 12
2-A-02 A1 6
2-D-23 B1 1
6 rows selected.
We see that in aisle B of warehouse 1 the driver would be better of by going in the other direction.
For the sake of making this routing demo more clear, let us use another version of the SQL from the other post - the version that does not do FIFO picking, but cleans out small quantities of items first. This gives us more locations so we better can see what happens:
SQL> select
2 s.loc,
3 s.item,
4 least(s.loc_qty, s.ord_qty - s.sum_prv_qty) pick_qty
5 from (
6 select
7 o.item,
8 o.qty ord_qty,
9 i.loc,
10 i.purch,
11 i.qty loc_qty,
12 nvl(sum(i.qty) over (
13 partition by i.item
14 order by i.qty, i.loc -- << changed this line
15 rows between unbounded preceding and 1 preceding
16 ),0) sum_prv_qty
17 from orderline o
18 join inventory i
19 on i.item = o.item
20 where o.ordno = :pick_order
21 ) s
22 where s.sum_prv_qty < s.ord_qty
23 order by
24 s.loc;
LOC ITEM PICK_QTY
---------- ---------- ----------
1-A-20 A1 3
1-A-31 A1 12
1-B-11 B1 4
1-B-15 B1 2
1-C-04 B1 11
2-D-07 A1 9
2-D-23 B1 1
7 rows selected.
To drive optimally our driver should go up aisle 1-A, down aisle 1-B, up aisle 1-C and down aisle 2D. In other words, our select should "switch direction" on every other aisle.
First let us split the location into warehouse / aisle / position:
SQL> select
2 to_number(substr(s.loc,1,1)) warehouse,
3 substr(s.loc,3,1) aisle,
4 to_number(substr(s.loc,5,2)) position,
5 s.loc,
6 s.item,
7 least(s.loc_qty, s.ord_qty - s.sum_prv_qty) pick_qty
8 from (
9 select
10 o.item,
11 o.qty ord_qty,
12 i.loc,
13 i.purch,
14 i.qty loc_qty,
15 nvl(sum(i.qty) over (
16 partition by i.item
17 order by i.qty, i.loc
18 rows between unbounded preceding and 1 preceding
19 ),0) sum_prv_qty
20 from orderline o
21 join inventory i
22 on i.item = o.item
23 where o.ordno = :pick_order
24 ) s
25 where s.sum_prv_qty < s.ord_qty
26 order by
27 s.loc;
WAREHOUSE A POSITION LOC ITEM PICK_QTY
---------- - ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 A 20 1-A-20 A1 3
1 A 31 1-A-31 A1 12
1 B 11 1-B-11 B1 4
1 B 15 1-B-15 B1 2
1 C 4 1-C-04 B1 11
2 D 7 2-D-07 A1 9
2 D 23 2-D-23 B1 1
7 rows selected.
Forklift driver will visit 4 aisles here. Now we will number the aisles consecutively for that purpose:
SQL> select
2 to_number(substr(s.loc,1,1)) warehouse,
3 substr(s.loc,3,1) aisle,
4 dense_rank() over (
5 order by
6 to_number(substr(s.loc,1,1)), -- warehouse
7 substr(s.loc,3,1) -- aisle
8 ) aisle_no,
9 to_number(substr(s.loc,5,2)) position,
10 s.loc,
11 s.item,
12 least(s.loc_qty, s.ord_qty - s.sum_prv_qty) pick_qty
13 from (
14 select
15 o.item,
16 o.qty ord_qty,
17 i.loc,
18 i.purch,
19 i.qty loc_qty,
20 nvl(sum(i.qty) over (
21 partition by i.item
22 order by i.qty, i.loc
23 rows between unbounded preceding and 1 preceding
24 ),0) sum_prv_qty
25 from orderline o
26 join inventory i
27 on i.item = o.item
28 where o.ordno = :pick_order
29 ) s
30 where s.sum_prv_qty < s.ord_qty
31 order by
32 s.loc;
WAREHOUSE A AISLE_NO POSITION LOC ITEM PICK_QTY
---------- - ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 A 1 20 1-A-20 A1 3
1 A 1 31 1-A-31 A1 12
1 B 2 11 1-B-11 B1 4
1 B 2 15 1-B-15 B1 2
1 C 3 4 1-C-04 B1 11
2 D 4 7 2-D-07 A1 9
2 D 4 23 2-D-23 B1 1
7 rows selected.
Analytic function dense_rank() ranks the data in the order we specify in the ORDER BY of the OVER clause, and those records with samme values receive the same rank. So column AISLE_NO tells us, that 1-B is the second aisle we visit, while 1-C is the third aisle, etc.
And so we can do a better picking list for our forklift driver:
SQL> select
2 s2.warehouse,
3 s2.aisle,
4 s2.aisle_no,
5 s2.position,
6 s2.loc,
7 s2.item,
8 s2.pick_qty
9 from (
10 select
11 to_number(substr(s.loc,1,1)) warehouse,
12 substr(s.loc,3,1) aisle,
13 dense_rank() over (
14 order by
15 to_number(substr(s.loc,1,1)), -- warehouse
16 substr(s.loc,3,1) -- aisle
17 ) aisle_no,
18 to_number(substr(s.loc,5,2)) position,
19 s.loc,
20 s.item,
21 least(s.loc_qty, s.ord_qty - s.sum_prv_qty) pick_qty
22 from (
23 select
24 o.item,
25 o.qty ord_qty,
26 i.loc,
27 i.purch,
28 i.qty loc_qty,
29 nvl(sum(i.qty) over (
30 partition by i.item
31 order by i.qty, i.loc
32 rows between unbounded preceding and 1 preceding
33 ),0) sum_prv_qty
34 from orderline o
35 join inventory i
36 on i.item = o.item
37 where o.ordno = :pick_order
38 ) s
39 where s.sum_prv_qty < s.ord_qty
40 ) s2
41 order by
42 s2.warehouse,
43 s2.aisle_no,
44 case
45 when mod(s2.aisle_no,2) = 1 then
46 s2.position
47 else
48 -s2.position
49 end;
WAREHOUSE A AISLE_NO POSITION LOC ITEM PICK_QTY
---------- - ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 A 1 20 1-A-20 A1 3
1 A 1 31 1-A-31 A1 12
1 B 2 15 1-B-15 B1 2
1 B 2 11 1-B-11 B1 4
1 C 3 4 1-C-04 B1 11
2 D 4 23 2-D-23 B1 1
2 D 4 7 2-D-07 A1 9
7 rows selected.
That's it - we have ordered our picking list first by warehouse, then by aisle, and lastly we order odd aisles ascending and even aisles descending.
Now this assumes we have a door between warehouses both in the "lower" end and the "upper" end of the warehouses, so he can drive from warehouse 1 to warehouse 2 in the "upper" end in order to drive descending through aisle 2-D. If we only have doors between the warehouses in the "lower" end, we need to "re-start" numbering our aisles in each warehouse, so the first aisle for each warehouse always is odd numbered:
SQL> select
2 s2.warehouse,
3 s2.aisle,
4 s2.aisle_no,
5 s2.position,
6 s2.loc,
7 s2.item,
8 s2.pick_qty
9 from (
10 select
11 to_number(substr(s.loc,1,1)) warehouse,
12 substr(s.loc,3,1) aisle,
13 dense_rank() over (
14 partition by
15 to_number(substr(s.loc,1,1)) -- warehouse
16 order by
17 substr(s.loc,3,1) -- aisle
18 ) aisle_no,
19 to_number(substr(s.loc,5,2)) position,
20 s.loc,
21 s.item,
22 least(s.loc_qty, s.ord_qty - s.sum_prv_qty) pick_qty
23 from (
24 select
25 o.item,
26 o.qty ord_qty,
27 i.loc,
28 i.purch,
29 i.qty loc_qty,
30 nvl(sum(i.qty) over (
31 partition by i.item
32 order by i.qty, i.loc
33 rows between unbounded preceding and 1 preceding
34 ),0) sum_prv_qty
35 from orderline o
36 join inventory i
37 on i.item = o.item
38 where o.ordno = :pick_order
39 ) s
40 where s.sum_prv_qty < s.ord_qty
41 ) s2
42 order by
43 s2.warehouse,
44 s2.aisle_no,
45 case
46 when mod(s2.aisle_no,2) = 1 then
47 s2.position
48 else
49 -s2.position
50 end;
WAREHOUSE A AISLE_NO POSITION LOC ITEM PICK_QTY
---------- - ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 A 1 20 1-A-20 A1 3
1 A 1 31 1-A-31 A1 12
1 B 2 15 1-B-15 B1 2
1 B 2 11 1-B-11 B1 4
1 C 3 4 1-C-04 B1 11
2 D 1 7 2-D-07 A1 9
2 D 1 23 2-D-23 B1 1
7 rows selected.
By using partition by in the dense_rank function we "re-start" our aisle numbering for each warehouse. Aisle 2-D thus is number 1 within warehouse 2, therefore it is ordered by ascending position because it is odd number.
The splitting of location in this simple case is easy - warehouse is always 1 digit, aisle 1 letter and position 2 digits. In real life you must use your own rules to split locations. Another way in this example could be:
SQL> select
2 s2.warehouse,
3 s2.aisle,
4 s2.aisle_no,
5 s2.position,
6 s2.loc,
7 s2.item,
8 s2.pick_qty
9 from (
10 select
11 to_number(regexp_substr(s.loc,'^([[:digit:]]+)\-',1,1,null,1)) warehouse,
12 regexp_substr(s.loc,'(\-)([[:alpha:]]+)(\-)',1,1,null,2) aisle,
13 dense_rank() over (
14 partition by
15 to_number(regexp_substr(s.loc,'^([[:digit:]]+)\-',1,1,null,1))
16 order by
17 regexp_substr(s.loc,'(\-)([[:alpha:]]+)(\-)',1,1,null,2)
18 ) aisle_no,
19 to_number(regexp_substr(s.loc,'(\-)([[:digit:]]+)$',1,1,null,2)) position,
20 s.loc,
21 s.item,
22 least(s.loc_qty, s.ord_qty - s.sum_prv_qty) pick_qty
23 from (
24 select
25 o.item,
26 o.qty ord_qty,
27 i.loc,
28 i.purch,
29 i.qty loc_qty,
30 nvl(sum(i.qty) over (
31 partition by i.item
32 order by i.qty, i.loc
33 rows between unbounded preceding and 1 preceding
34 ),0) sum_prv_qty
35 from orderline o
36 join inventory i
37 on i.item = o.item
38 where o.ordno = :pick_order
39 ) s
40 where s.sum_prv_qty < s.ord_qty
41 ) s2
42 order by
43 s2.warehouse,
44 s2.aisle_no,
45 case
46 when mod(s2.aisle_no,2) = 1 then
47 s2.position
48 else
49 -s2.position
50 end;
WAREHOUSE AISLE AISLE_NO POSITION LOC ITEM PICK_QTY
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 A 1 20 1-A-20 A1 3
1 A 1 31 1-A-31 A1 12
1 B 2 15 1-B-15 B1 2
1 B 2 11 1-B-11 B1 4
1 C 3 4 1-C-04 B1 11
2 D 1 7 2-D-07 A1 9
2 D 1 23 2-D-23 B1 1
7 rows selected.
The regexp_substr expressions can handle locations where warehouse is one or more digits, aisle is one or more letters and position one or more digits. Use your imagination for other flexible splitting :-)
The complete script of all of the above can be found here, and a sample spool output of running the script is here. Oracle documentation tells you all syntax on analytic functions and specifically DENSE_RANK.
Comments
Post a Comment